In 1824, the United States negotiated a treaty with Russia to establish a clear border Between the United Sates and Russian land on the West Coast. In the treaty, Russia ceded claim to all lands south of the parallel 54°40′ north, known to Americans as the Oregon territory. According to President Monroe, the treaty was signed by the ministers of U.S. and Russia on April 5th. The official date of the treaty signing is April 17 1824.
"A convention for the settlement of important questions in relation to the North West coast of this continent and its adjoining seas was concluded and signed at St. Petersburg on the 5th day of April last by the minister plenipotentiary of the United States and plenipotentiaries of the Imperial Government of Russia. It will immediately be laid before the Senate for the exercise of the constitutional authority of that body with reference to its ratification. It is proper to add that the manner in which this negotiation was invited and conducted on the part of the Emperor has been very satisfactory."On January 11, 1825, Congress ratified the treaty, completing one more step in settling America's claims on the Oregon territory. Earlier in 1818, and 1819 the United States had established treaties with Great Britain and Spain respectively. The Anglo American Treaty of 1818 established joint ownership of the Oregon Territory between the United States and Great Britain, while in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain gave up all claims north of the 42nd parallel to the United States. According to President Monroe, the Adams-Onís Treaty was acknowledged and at least implicitly approved by Great Britain and Russia. But, then in September 1821, the Russian Tsar claimed the northwest coast of America as far as the 51st parallel, and prohibited foreign vessel from coming within 100 miles of the territory he claimed. Both the United States and Great Britain already had occupied sections of the territory and vigorously opposed Russia's claims based on the treaties of 1818 and 1819. Great Britain considered the prohibition of foreign vessels to be contrary to the laws of nations, and the United States declared that Russia was breaking the principle of the Monroe Doctrine that American continents were no longer subject to any new European colonies. When Great Britain chose to negotiate with Russia separately, the United States did the same. In the end, the US and Russian ministers agreed upon the line 54°40′ north as the boundary between the United States and Russian claims, as well as a three-mile limit on Russia's coastal waters.
By 1827, the Treaty of 1818 was expiring, but neither party was ready to make any changes. So the arrangement was extended for an indefinite period of time. If either party wanted to terminate the agreement, they would need to give 12 months notice. President John Quincy Adams briefly mentioned this in his Annual Address of that year.
"The conventions of 1815-07-03, and of 1818-10-20, will expire by their own limitation on 1828-10-20. These have regulated the direct commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain upon terms of the most perfect reciprocity; and they effected a temporary compromise of the respective rights and claims to territory westward of the Rocky Mountains. These arrangements have been continued for an indefinite period of time after the expiration of the above mentioned conventions, leaving each party the liberty of terminating them by giving twelve months' notice to the other."
Finally, in 1846 under President James Polk, while the Senate was preoccupied with the War against Mexico, a treaty was signed with Great Britain to establish the current border at the 49th parallel.
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29466
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29469
Lawson, L. (1922). The Relation of British Policy to the Declaration of the Monroe Doctrine, Volume 103, Issue 1. Columbia University, pp.129-132.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-American_Treaty_of_1824
http://www.stateoftheunionhistory.com/2017/04/for-many-adams-onis-treaty-is-mostly.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Oregoncountry.png/589px-Oregoncountry.png
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